The Stock Trader’s Almanac notes that seasonally for the last few years, Dow has done well on the triple witching day in September. Dow Jones had been up 8 of the last 10 years on the third Friday of the last month of the third quarter.
We can develop a trading strategy based upon this seasonal trend. This seasonal tendency also impacts S&P 500, NASDAQ and Russell 2000.
The original Almanac strategy goes long on the Thursday close before the triple witching day in September and exits on the Friday close. Using ETFs – DIA for Dow, SPY for S&P, QQQ for NASDAQ and IWM for Russell 2K – we get following results:
ETF | # of Trades | Win % | Avg. Ret | Avg. | Avg. Win | Avg. Loss | Avg W / Avg L | Avg Days Held | Annualized |
QQQ | 14 | 71% | 0.3% | 14 | 47 | (67) | 0.70 | 1 | 105% |
DIA | 15 | 67% | 0.1% | 6 | 28 | (38) | 0.75 | 1 | 46% |
SPY | 20 | 30% | (0.3)% | (14) | 40 | (37) | 1.08 | 1 | (102)% |
IWM | 13 | 69% | 0.3% | 15 | 44 | (50) | 0.87 | 1 | 108% |
The annualized rate is computed based upon the average return for the average days held.
Clearly, S&P 500 does not show a seasonal trend. NASDAAQ shows a stronger trend and Russell 2000 has higher volatility.
We can improve the performance of this strategy by applying some filters for entry and exit.
Entry Filter: Go long on the Thursday close before the third Friday of September only when the price is below the 5-Day SMA. This filter is applied on DIA, SPY and QQQ.
Exit Filter: Exit on the 3-Day high close. (For DIA, SPY and QQQ.)
For Russell 2k, IWM, a hybrid exit strategy is used.
Entry: Go long on the Thursday close before the triple witching day.
Exit: If IWM was above 5-Day SMA on entry then exit on the triple witching day close. If the price was below 5-day SMA then exit on the 3-Day high close.
The filters reduce the numer of trades but improve the overall result.
ETF | # of Trades | Win % | Avg. Ret | Avg. | Avg. Win | Avg. Loss | Avg W / Avg L | Avg Days Held | Annualized |
QQQ | 7 | 100% | 1.6% | 78 | 78 | 3 | 209% | ||
DIA | 8 | 88% | 0.8% | 41 | 62 | (102) | 0.61 | 3 | 90% |
SPY | 8 | 75% | 0.7% | 36 | 63 | (44) | 1.42 | 3 | 84% |
IWM | 12 | 75% | 0.5% | 26 | 47 | (36) | 1.31 | 2 | 114% |
Here is the list of trades using the modified strategy:
# | ETF | Entry Date | Entry | Exit Date | Exit | Return |
1 | SPY | 16-Sep-93 | 46.03 | 22-Sep-93 | 45.41 | (1.3)% |
2 | DIA | 17-Sep-98 | 78.78 | 21-Sep-98 | 79.25 | 0.6% |
3 | SPY | 17-Sep-98 | 101.46 | 22-Sep-98 | 102.33 | 0.9% |
4 | QQQ | 16-Sep-99 | 61.47 | 17-Sep-99 | 63.31 | 3.0% |
5 | DIA | 16-Sep-99 | 107.53 | 17-Sep-99 | 108.38 | 0.8% |
6 | SPY | 16-Sep-99 | 131.75 | 17-Sep-99 | 133.04 | 1.0% |
7 | QQQ | 14-Sep-00 | 93.00 | 19-Sep-00 | 93.19 | 0.2% |
8 | DIA | 14-Sep-00 | 111.02 | 22-Sep-00 | 108.75 | (2.0)% |
9 | IWM | 14-Sep-00 | 53.91 | 15-Sep-00 | 52.91 | (1.9)% |
10 | QQQ | 20-Sep-01 | 28.97 | 24-Sep-01 | 29.61 | 2.2% |
11 | DIA | 20-Sep-01 | 83.65 | 24-Sep-01 | 86.20 | 3.0% |
12 | SPY | 20-Sep-01 | 98.18 | 24-Sep-01 | 100.16 | 2.0% |
13 | IWM | 20-Sep-01 | 38.56 | 24-Sep-01 | 39.00 | 1.1% |
14 | QQQ | 19-Sep-02 | 21.58 | 25-Sep-02 | 21.87 | 1.3% |
15 | DIA | 19-Sep-02 | 79.64 | 26-Sep-02 | 79.81 | 0.2% |
16 | SPY | 19-Sep-02 | 84.25 | 25-Sep-02 | 83.90 | (0.4)% |
17 | IWM | 19-Sep-02 | 36.40 | 25-Sep-02 | 36.45 | 0.1% |
18 | IWM | 18-Sep-03 | 51.86 | 19-Sep-03 | 51.80 | (0.1)% |
19 | QQQ | 16-Sep-04 | 35.32 | 17-Sep-04 | 35.43 | 0.3% |
20 | DIA | 16-Sep-04 | 102.75 | 17-Sep-04 | 103.01 | 0.3% |
21 | SPY | 16-Sep-04 | 112.54 | 17-Sep-04 | 112.55 | 0.0% |
22 | IWM | 16-Sep-04 | 57.32 | 17-Sep-04 | 57.22 | (0.2)% |
23 | QQQ | 15-Sep-05 | 39.16 | 16-Sep-05 | 39.40 | 0.6% |
24 | DIA | 15-Sep-05 | 105.66 | 16-Sep-05 | 106.23 | 0.5% |
25 | SPY | 15-Sep-05 | 122.49 | 16-Sep-05 | 122.84 | 0.3% |
26 | IWM | 15-Sep-05 | 66.17 | 16-Sep-05 | 66.94 | 1.2% |
27 | IWM | 14-Sep-06 | 72.49 | 15-Sep-06 | 72.66 | 0.2% |
28 | IWM | 20-Sep-07 | 80.79 | 21-Sep-07 | 80.96 | 0.2% |
29 | QQQ | 18-Sep-08 | 41.57 | 19-Sep-08 | 42.90 | 3.2% |
30 | DIA | 18-Sep-08 | 109.97 | 19-Sep-08 | 113.57 | 3.3% |
31 | SPY | 18-Sep-08 | 120.07 | 19-Sep-08 | 124.12 | 3.4% |
32 | IWM | 18-Sep-08 | 71.80 | 19-Sep-08 | 75.00 | 4.5% |
33 | IWM | 17-Sep-09 | 61.66 | 18-Sep-09 | 61.91 | 0.4% |
34 | IWM | 16-Sep-10 | 64.94 | 17-Sep-10 | 65.21 | 0.4% |
35 | IWM | 15-Sep-11 | 71.41 | 16-Sep-11 | 71.52 | 0.2% |
The overall win percentage of the strategy is 83%.
The average return in 0.8%.
The average win to average loss ratio is 1.23.
The average hold period is 3 days.
The annualized return in 118.3%.
The strategy had only three losing years – 1993, a loss of (1.3)%; 2000, a loss of (1.2)%; 2003, a loss of (0.1)%.
Instead of 1X ETFs, one can also use ultra ETFs (2X or 3X). Using 2X ETFs, DDM for Dow, SSO for S&P, QLD for NASDAQ and UWM for Russell 2k, will double the return but will also increase the risk.
The Fine Print: Before employing this strategy in your live account please understand the rationale behind this seasonality pattern. Then run some back tests for the trade start-date and holding periods. Make sure that the risk level, max draw down, win ratio and average loss falls within your comfort zone and that you can withstand the draw down and the associated risk. Also read our disclaimer.